Public pensions and return migration

Public Pensions

All industrial democracies have public pension or social security schemes that account for a substantial portion of the disposal income of the aged. Although some countries introduced public pensions as early as the 19 century, large scale social security systems did not emerge as an important feature of the welfare state in most OECD countries until after World War II. The involvement of the g...

Immigration, Public Pensions, and Heterogenous Voters Immigration, Public Pensions, and Heterogenous Voters

Depending on the design of the domestic pension system and the type of immigrants, voters will decide differently on immigration policy. In this paper, we investigate the voting outcome of three groups of heterogenous voters (skilled workers, unskilled workers, and retirees) under Beveridgian or Bismarckian pension systems which are either of the fixed contribution rate or the fixed replacement...

Public Pensions and Demographic Changes in Developed Countries: Migration Boom and Fertility Bust?

Voting on Public Pensions with Family Bargaining

The paper develops a voting model for public pensions based on the assumption that families can coordinate their voting. A family profits from a public pension program if its retired members receive more benefits than the working members pay in taxes. Given a pay-as-you-go budget constraint, net gains accrue to families with above-average ratios of retirees to voters. A majority of voters will ...

Gender and Public Pensions in China: Do Pensions Reduce the Gender Gap in Compensation

This paper analyzes gender issues with respect to public pensions in China. Because provision of public pensions in China is highly fragmented, with different programs applying to different groups of people, we focus on the largest mandatory public pension program in urban China, the Urban Employees’ Pension Program. The paper uses data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (C...